Executive Summary
Lessons LearnedThe projects have assessed the lessons learned by examining different factors such as success, the need for improvement or alternative actions in future applications, and some general advice to any potential end user.
The results indicate that technical factors are as important as human, social and institutional factors in achieving the successful implementation of the product. In some projects, the definition of a modular and flexible framework was the key to success, in others the use of existing components with valid data were to prove decisive elements. Early prototyping led to better definition of requirements and familiarised users with new systems. Certain new technologies often required more time amongst users than was expected, in order to become familiar with them. A standard method defining user requirements could reduce the time needed for this element of development. Data suppliers should be involved from the outset, as their role is critical in successful projects, and data standardisation and validation are key parts of the system. Where trans-national systems are involved, standardised data and comparability of data are critical factors, as well as efficient data transfer systems across frontiers.
In all cases, communication systems are important in improving efficiency, whether between sensors and monitoring stations, or between data collection systems and management, between departments, and between management, political decision makers and public. This is particularly valid if trans-national organisations are involved using different languages.
In all cases, clear processes of political decision making and the willingness of those responsible to decide issues are important promoters of good environment management systems, however simple or sophisticated the technology involved. Whatever level of sophistication is implemented, those operating the system must be trained to an adequate standard, and existing systems should be used to the maximum extent in order to minimise the difficulties of wholesale switch-over to entirely new technologies. Integration of operations should be pursued to the maximum extent to create efficient implementation.
The Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe
