3. Pollutant Emissions of SO₂ and Particulates (continued)

3.2 Particulate Matter

TABLE 4: Total Emissions of Particulate Matter [kt]
Country	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	1995	1996
Bulgaria	-	-	423	382	353	358	306
Czech Republic	671	592	501	441	355	201	179
Hungary	134	139	111	107	107	102	89
Poland	1,950	1,680	1,580	1,495	1,395	1,308	-
Romania*	20	15	11	15	16	15	23
Slovakia	299	229	177	143	87	89	67
Slovenia**	26	11	10	12	9	4	3
* Romanian data only includes emissions from road traffic. ** Slovenian data includes emission from the Sostanj Thermal power plant, Ljubljana co-generation plant and Trbovlje thermal power plant, as well as from the 23 biggest industrial objects, though this is still not representative of the entire country.

Decline in Emissions	In general, particulate emissions have decreased in each country during the surveyed period (see Figure 7). Although Romania appears to be the exception, this is explained by the fact that only emissions from road traffic are included. Transport emissions have increased in all the SILAQ countries due to the change in transport patterns and the shift toward increased vehicle use.
Figure 7. Trends in particulate emissions [%]
	In analyzing the sources of particulate matter emissions (in Bulgaria for example), in contrast to Figures 2 and 3 (presenting SO2 emissions by sector), power plants cannot be considered main sources. This is due to the installation of high efficiency electric filters in all plants. The emissions from these sources have decreased between 1993 and 1995, from 140.1 kt to 88 kt. In terms of particulate emissions, residential combustion is the most significant source. This situation is mirrored in Slovakia where the greatest share of particulate matter is discharged by residential and commercial combustion sources followed by emissions from industrial combustion processes. Data for emission sources is only available for 1990 and 1995-1996, however there is a 3-4 fold drop in emission levels for each source during the given period. With the exception of Romania, no data was collected concerning emissions from mobile sources.
Source Shifts	Some source shifts have also been observed. While initially power plants in Hungary were found to be the main sources of particulate matter emissions (about 60 percent), more recently emissions from the residential sector have been found to play the most significant role (about 40 percent). From 370 kt in 1980, particulate emissions dropped to approximately 90 kt in 1996. About 82 percent of this figure is known to arise from solid fuel combustion processes.