Chapter 4: Poland

(continued)

4.2 Methodology

Sources of Information Used in the Survey

Three methods were used in the collection of information relevant to the project:

formal interviews based on the survey questionnaire;
supplementary phone and personal interviews/discussions;
literature review and desktop study of relevant official publications and technical papers.

The organisations and institutions included in the survey fall into several categories:

Central state institutions of the country, including the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry; the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management; Ekofundusz, etc.;
Research and Development institutes, referred to as the "R&D sector;"
Industrial plants (a cross-section of various sectors) and water and wastewater operation companies, referred to as "end-users";
Design, engineering, and consulting firms;
Business Units¹ (this category includes environmental technology suppliers, and turn-key project suppliers, such as engineering-construction companies, engineering-contracting companies, etc.; see footnote for more details)

The selection of interviewed organizations and institutions was carried out so as to ensure the best possible coverage of a cross-section of the market, and to provide information representative of each of the surveyed environmental issues. Specifically, the following criteria were used:

varied and diversified fields of activity, and multidisciplinary profile
high qualification of specialists;
familiarity with specific environmental issues;
widespread geographical distribution of organizations across Poland so as to identify specific local and regional environmental issues.

Profile of Respondents

A total of 108 businesses and institutions were selected as potential respondents to the questionnaire, and were contacted by telephone prior to the start of the project. A complete list (with full contact information) of those contacted is included in Section 4.8.

Despite repeated telephone calls and facsimile communications to arrange interviews, only 29 formal interviews based on the questionnaire were confirmed. The distribution of respondents is presented in Table 4.2.

TABLE 4.2: SUMMARY OF INTERVIEWS BASED ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE
Category	Contacted	Responses

End-users	25	9
Design/engineering/consulting	31	4
Business units	29	5
R&D, government, and financial institutions	23	11

Total	108	29

In response to the situation, the researcher supplemented the work with non-formal telephone and in-person interviews with the remaining parties. Additional efforts were made to gather and analyse information from literature, technical papers, and official bulletins with regard to key areas of interest for the client (e.g. on-going environmental projects, project opportunities, contact points).

TABLE 4.3: PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS
End-users	Number	Names of Plants

Metallurgical facilities	4	ISKRA, PREMA-MILMET, KETY, Huta Czestochowa
Chemical facilities	8	KONSTAL, Zaklady Papiernicze Jeziorna, Zaklady Azotowe Tarnow, Wizow, Organika-Zachem, Rokita, Boruta, Huta szkla Jaroslaw
Electrical facilities	4	APATOR, CENTRA, FAEL, LUCENT
Food processing industry	4	DANONE, DROBEX-HEINTZ, WINIARY, Sery ICC PASLEK
Wood processing industry	2	ALPEX, PROSPAN
Water and wastewater companies	2	MPWiK, Warsaw; MPWiK, Lublin
Design and Engineering
Air pollution control	1	ATMOTERM
Water/wastewater treatment, Waste management	15	BIPROWOD, CTBK, DIT, EKOLOG, DOR-EKO, ELIMP, INZYNIERIA-PROEKO, EKOLOG System, HYDROPROJEKT-Warszawa, INSTALEX-BIOOX, MSS Environmental Engineering, PROJPRZEM, PROSAN in Warsaw , PROSAN in Szczecin, SETO
Environmental technologies	7	ARKA Konsorcjum, EKOCOMP, EKOKONREM, ENERGOPOMIAR, PROCHEM, SALGEO, STOLICA
Noise and vibration control	1	DECYBEL
Energy-related technologies	1	Energoprojekt
Consulting companies	3	EKOEFEKT, WS Atkins, Narodowa Fundacja Ochrony Srodowiska
Business Units
Air/energy sector	5	ABB, SEFAKO Sedziszow, RAFAKO, Fluid Corp. KOWENT
Water and wastewater, Waste management	16	AQUAMEX, AQUATECH, BIOX, ARCUS, CHEMADEX, EKOFINN, FLOOTEK AB, METEX-HUBER, NETZCH-Jaworski International, NIJHUIS WATER TECHNOLOGY, POWOGAZ, SANITGAZ, SPO MASZ, WIBEX, Geotex, Candela
Engineering/construction services	6	BUDEXPOL Wroclaw, HYDROBUDOWA Poznan, RPRI-Rzeszow, Polimex-Cekop, Exbud, Elektrim

There are three main categories of R&D institutions in Poland: academic centers; branch (or ministerial) R&D institutes; and central R&D institutes within the Polish Academy of Science. Leaders in the field of environmental protection are listed in Table 4.4. All of the listed environmental R&D institutes were contacted and/or interviewed during the survey, with the exception of the Institute for Agriculture, Fertilising and Pedology in Pulawy, and the Institute of Physical Planning and Municipal Economy.

TABLE 4.4: MAJOR R&D INSTITUTIONS INTERVIEWED
Academic R&D centers Warsaw University of Technology Warsaw Agriculture University Wroclaw University of Technology University of Warsaw R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry Institute for Ecology of Industrialized Areas in Katowice Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw Institute of Environmental Protection in Warsaw National Geological Institute in Warsaw R&D Center for Mining Technology R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, and Economy Institute for Grass Farming and Land Reclamation in Falenty (near Warsaw) Institute for Construction, Mechanization, Electrification of Rural Areas in Warsaw Institute for Agriculture, Fertilizing and Pedology in Pulawy Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Land Use Planning and Construction Institute of Physical Planning and Municipal Economy Central R&D institutes (Polish Academy of Science) The Center for Basic Issues of Mineral Resources and Energy Management, Krakow

TABLE 4.4: MAJOR R&D INSTITUTIONS INTERVIEWED

Academic R&D centers

Warsaw University of Technology
Warsaw Agriculture University
Wroclaw University of Technology
University of Warsaw

R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry

Institute for Ecology of Industrialized Areas in Katowice
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Warsaw
Institute of Environmental Protection in Warsaw
National Geological Institute in Warsaw
R&D Center for Mining Technology

R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, and Economy

Institute for Grass Farming and Land Reclamation in Falenty (near Warsaw)
Institute for Construction, Mechanization, Electrification of Rural Areas in Warsaw
Institute for Agriculture, Fertilizing and Pedology in Pulawy
Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Krakow

R&D institutes supervised by the Ministry of Land Use Planning and Construction

Institute of Physical Planning and Municipal Economy

Central R&D institutes (Polish Academy of Science)

The Center for Basic Issues of Mineral Resources and Energy Management, Krakow

Additionally, the following institutions and bodies were interviewed for the survey :

Environmental Policy Department at the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Natural Resources and Forestry. The Ministry of Environment is the main government body responsible for environmental management; its responsibilities cover environmental protection and pollution control, nature conservation, water management and flood protection, protection and management of forests, and mineral resources management including exploration and granting of mining concessions. The Ministry's responsibilities include the development and implementation of national environmental policy, the formulation of regulations for environmental protection, and the supervision of subordinate environmental agencies;
Other environmental agencies: regional water management boards, voivodship departments of environmental protection. There are a number of institutions outside the structure of the Ministry of Environment which also play an important role in environmental protection. The key agencies reporting to the Ministry include the State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection, State Sanitary Inspectorate, and seven regional water management boards. Created in 1991, these boards are responsible for developing programs for water resource management within the main river basins in Poland. According to government policy, they are responsible for collecting fees for water extraction and wastewater discharge, and for the financing of construction and maintenance of water management facilities.
National institutions administering environmental financing (National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management, and Ekofundusz).

1. For the purpose of this survey, the term "business units" was used to refer to multi-sectoral, profit-oriented companies. Such units are often set up in response to calls for specific projects, since tendering authorities frequently give preference to companies registered within their adminstrative area so as to save on tax expenses. Two main types of companies can be distinguished within the "business units" category:

Equipment suppliers (generally, various environmental technology manufacturers);
Engineering, construction, contracting and trading companies specializing in capital goods for many industrial branches, including environmental protection systems (generally, turn-key projects suppliers)

REC * PUBLICATIONS * ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY MARKET * POLAND