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Perceptual / Behavioural
Barriers
Institutional /
Structural Barriers
Economic, Financial, and Market Barriers
Overcoming Barriers
Externalities (i.e. car drivers do not pay for
global and local damage caused by cars).
Free-rider syndrome: market cannot restrict access to
a valuable natural resource to those who pay for the use and
protection of the resource.
Information barriers: consumers are not provided
access to information about the environmental impacts of the
product.
Monopolies: natural resource monopolies are exempt
from market disciplines that require efficient management and
accurate resource pricing.
Price: value-added taxes on home heating fuels
can have a severe impact on poorer people.
Price structure: car use appears cheaper than public
transport. This undermines the financial viability of local transit
systems and encourages unsustainable investment in highway and
road infrastructure.
Subsidies against the public interest: in Canada,
tax deductions for investors in oil and gas exploration is not
available for investors in renewable energy exploration.
Investment criteria: national infrastructure investment
programmes do not include sustainable development in the assessment
criteria.
Laws and regulations: (ie. regulations to control
the price of food which benefit urban population but hurt rural
farmers and depress the agricultural sector in Southern Africa).
Standards: building code requiring connections
to traditional urban serviced infrastructure, while discouraging
self-sufficient buildings.\
Lack of jurisdiction: a growing urban area that
consists of dozens of small municipal jurisdictions cannot take
sufficient measures to address severe air and water pollution
problems in the metropolitan area.
Professional and civil service standards: strict
application of traditional professional standards that may not
be responsive to technological or policy developments.
Institutional arrangements: donor agencies may
overlook existing participatory planning processes in the project
design and assessment stages and establish its own rapid consultation
and assessment processes to suit the agency's work schedule.
International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives (ICLEI) and CAG Consultants
in collaboration with the UNDESA Division for Sustainable
Development: http://www.iclei.org/iclei/csd6rept.htm
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India
Sweden
Argentina
Central
Europe |
